GatesOfKilikien
GatesOfKilikien
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Xiangyang - Ancient Battleground Between Northern and Southern China
Xiangyang, now a moderate-sized city in Hubei Province, has traditionally been one of the most strategically important cities in Chinese history.
Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:35: General Geography of Xiangyang
06:20: Early History (Zhou Dynasty)
11:18: Increasing Significance (Three Kingdoms Period)
19:14 Early Medieval Centuries of Division
25:36 Tang and Song Dynasties
30:30 Song-Mongol Wars
32:55 Siege of Xiangyang and Fancheng
38:13 Later History
Comments/Corrections:
- The early history maps all show a reservoir south of the Huai River known in ancient times as the "Quebei" (芍陂) which date to the 500s BC at the earliest, and so should not have been in these maps.
References:
Traditional Chinese sources:
Zizhi Tongjian (资治通鉴), Records of the Three Kingdoms (三国志), Xu Zizhi Tongjian (续资治通鉴), New Yuan History (新元史), Dushi Fangyu Jiyao (读史方舆纪要)
Modern books:
Rao, Shengwen (饶胜文). 布局天下:中国古代军事地理大势. 中国人民解放军出版社. 2020.
Song, Jie (宋杰). 中国古代战争的地理枢纽. 北京科学技术出版社, 2022.
Yu,Yunguo (虞云国). 黎东方讲史之续: 细说宋朝. 上海人民出版社, 2019.
Some additional sources:
Discussion of the "Muslim Artillery" (counterweight trebuchet)
马建春.蒙元時期“回回炮”的東傳及作用. 西北民族研究; 1996.
Google Arts and Culture: Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng:
artsandculture.google.com/story/the-marquis-yi-of-zeng-%C4%B1-bronze-objects-hubei-provincial-museum-%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86/qAVhJ6vlhDe4Lg?hl=en
Blog post discussing how Xiangyang got its name:
Sohu, September 9, 2023: 襄阳起名字的由来和历史,襄阳取名专家哪家专业
www.sohu.com/a/717184208_121610012#:~:text=%E8%A5%84%E9%98%B3%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E4%BA%8E,%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%A2%EF%BC%8C%E6%89%80%E4%BB%A5%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%BA%E8%A5%84%E9%98%B3%E3%80%82
Grain shipments through Xiangyang: dfz.shaanxi.gov.cn/sqzlk/xbsxsz/szdyl/hyz/201610/t20161024_689537.html
Name change of Xiangyang/Xiangfan:
“襄阳”,终于找回来的名字
www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-04/22/c_128919383.htm
Xiangyang moat:
中国最宽的护城河襄阳城护城河
www.hubei.gov.cn/2015change/2015sq/sa/hbzz/201507/t20150728_695836.shtml
Maps were modified from the maps at maps-for-free.com/ by ©OpenStreetMap www.openstreetmap.org/copyright
Based on The Historical Atlas of China by Tan Qixiang (谭其骧)
Image Credits (unless otherwise noted): Wikimedia Commons
Переглядів: 46 018

Відео

Xi'an (Chang'an) Part 2 - Capital of Chinese EmpiresXi'an (Chang'an) Part 2 - Capital of Chinese Empires
Xi'an (Chang'an) Part 2 - Capital of Chinese Empires
Переглядів 54 тис.8 місяців тому
Chang'an (Xi'an) was the capital of many significant Chinese dynasties, including the Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties. This video is the sequel to an earlier video focused on the historical geography of Xi’an, and covers the highs and lows that the city experienced throughout imperial Chinese history. Chapters 00:00 Qin Shi Huang's Empire 08:05 Fall of Qin and Rise of Han 13:29 Chang'an Under...
Liu Yu and the Fall of the Eastern Jin DynastyLiu Yu and the Fall of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
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Переглядів 14 тис.8 місяців тому
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Xi'an (Chang'an) Part 1 - Geography and Early HistoryXi'an (Chang'an) Part 1 - Geography and Early History
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Переглядів 45 тис.10 місяців тому
Xi'an (Chang'an) was the capital of many of the greatest dynasties in Chinese history. In this part one of a two-part video, we explore its early history and geography as the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the state of Qin. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:18 General Geography & Early History 4:40 The Road Between East and West 6:40 Western Zhou Rule 9:15 The Early History of Qin 13:13 Th...
The Rise of Northern Wei and Chinese BuddhismThe Rise of Northern Wei and Chinese Buddhism
The Rise of Northern Wei and Chinese Buddhism
Переглядів 26 тис.11 місяців тому
Northern China fell into chaos after the Battle of the Fei River in 383 as various barbarian states, including an upstart named Northern Wei led by its king Tuoba Gui, competed against one another for control of the north. Meanwhile, a newly-introduced religion took key steps to becoming one of the key belief systems in China. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 0:40 Founding of Northern Wei 6:47 North...
Xuzhou - The Most Fought-After City in ChinaXuzhou - The Most Fought-After City in China
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Переглядів 27 тис.Рік тому
Xuzhou, also known as Pengcheng, has long been one of the most strategically important cities in China, and countless battles have been fought at Xuzhou over millennia. But what makes Xuzhou so important? Let us explore the reasons in this video. Attributions: Maps were created using maps-for-free.com/ by ©OpenStreetMap www.openstreetmap.org/copyright And also Google Maps: Map Data: Google Imag...
The Battle of the Fei River & the Former Qin Dynasty (351 - 394)The Battle of the Fei River & the Former Qin Dynasty (351 - 394)
The Battle of the Fei River & the Former Qin Dynasty (351 - 394)
Переглядів 17 тис.Рік тому
The Former Qin Dynasty unified northern China in 376, after which it tried to conquer the Eastern Jin Dynasty in southern China. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 0:28 Beginnings of Former Qin 3:11 Fu Jian 5:57 Unification of the North 11:26 Southern Preparations 12:48 Leadup to the Battle 16:02 The Battle of the Fei River 21:46 Aftermath of the Battle References: Dien, A. E., & Knapp, K. N. (2019). ...
The Eastern Jin Dynasty & Huan Wen's Expeditions (317 - 373)The Eastern Jin Dynasty & Huan Wen's Expeditions (317 - 373)
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Переглядів 22 тис.Рік тому
After northern China was occupied by barbarians, the Jin Dynasty (Eastern Jin Dynasty) was reestablished in the south. Chaos ensued in the north as states known collectively as the Sixteen Kingdoms fought one another for control, while ambitious southern politicians planned expeditions to retake the north. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 0:43 Founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty 4:38 Refugees in the...
Intro to Historical Chinese GeographyIntro to Historical Chinese Geography
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Переглядів 249 тис.Рік тому
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The Western Jin Dynasty & 5 Barbarians (266 - 316)The Western Jin Dynasty & 5 Barbarians (266 - 316)
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Переглядів 31 тис.Рік тому
China was unified for a few decades before things went very wrong with the War of the Eight Princes and the Five Barbarians Rebellion. Comments: The warlord Wang Jun (王浚) (252 - 314) is a different person than the general Wang Jun (王濬) (206 - 286) in the Three Kingdoms video. Unfortunately Chinese is full of homonyms that are highly confusing. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 0:41 Confucian Elites 4...
Ancient Greece - The PeloponneseAncient Greece - The Peloponnese
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Переглядів 13 тис.Рік тому
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The Three Kingdoms Period (220 - 280)The Three Kingdoms Period (220 - 280)
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Переглядів 49 тис.Рік тому
After the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty, China remained divided for another 60 years during the Three Kingdoms Period. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 1:05 Death of Liu Bei 3:12 Zhuge Liang 7:23 Eastern Wu 7:49 Sima Coup 10:11 Regicide of Cao Mao 12:13 Conquest of Shu Han 13:42 Establishment of the Jin Dynasty 15:16 Unification of China #chinesehistory #threekingdoms #zhugeliang #shuhan #simayi #...
The Roman Empire in Spain and PortugalThe Roman Empire in Spain and Portugal
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Переглядів 89 тис.Рік тому
The Roman Empire ruled over Hispania, modern-day Spain and Portugal, for 600 years. This video explores the history of the Roman conquest, geography of the region under Roman rule, and an overview of ancient sites that are can still be visited today. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 0:39 Early Peoples 2:06 Carthaginian Rule 3:31 Arrival of the Romans 4:38 General Geography 7:23 Roman Conquest of the...
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Переглядів 72 тис.Рік тому
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Переглядів 46 тис.Рік тому
The medieval Grand Canal was a major waterway linking northern and southern China, and was a vital part of multiple Chinese dynasties. This video explores the history of this Grand Canal - its construction under the notorious tyrant Emperor Yang of Sui and the important role in played in the growth of Chinese civilization over the subsequent five centuries. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 0:44 Init...

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @HelmerAslaksen
    @HelmerAslaksen 6 днів тому

    Wow! I wish I had seen this video fifty years ago! So many things in Chinese history now makes sense to me. Like the Siege of Xiangyang from the Condo Heroes books.

    • @gatesofkilikien
      @gatesofkilikien 20 годин тому

      Great to hear you've found it helpful! If you're interested in taking a deeper dive, my most recent video is on Xiangyang, and I talk about the Siege of Xiangyang in it as well.

  • @donomar8517
    @donomar8517 7 днів тому

    Im all for the barbarians

  • @whyeven919
    @whyeven919 9 днів тому

    Wow, this is such a good video! I've been reading up on Chinese history, but nowhere have I found accounts of ancient geography and strategy as detailed as this. There are many channels on Roman or modern history, but not enough about Chinese history even though it's such an amazingly interesting topic. Keep up the good work!

  • @lukapichler3666
    @lukapichler3666 11 днів тому

    I could watch hours of this content. Fantastic video, I hope to see more!

  • @lapislazuli1206
    @lapislazuli1206 12 днів тому

    this has gotta be the most chaotic dynasty i cannot keep track of whats happening 😭😭

  • @anacasanova7350
    @anacasanova7350 17 днів тому

    En el centro de Hispania, Meseta , no es seco e infertil, es un clima continental centroeuropeo con gran riqueza en cereales y legumbres, huertas, ganado ovino, caprino y vacuno, y caza mayor como ciervos, jabalíes, lobos y osos en la epoca y pesca en los rios.

  • @Dazzlefisher
    @Dazzlefisher 18 днів тому

    Just discovered your channel as I was trying to find videos on the Three Kingdoms period because I want to play the Total War game, and I love your videos already ! Thank you so much for the hard work, can't wait to binge watch all of this

    • @gatesofkilikien
      @gatesofkilikien 12 днів тому

      Great to hear you've found the videos helpful! I'm actually working on some videos about the fall of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period right now, and I hope they will be helpful too.

  • @carlosgzz5772
    @carlosgzz5772 18 днів тому

    Does someone know why years before the chinese capital was written as Peking and more recently it has evolved as Beijing?

  • @phunguyenduongthien2653
    @phunguyenduongthien2653 21 день тому

    Hi, I really like your channel, especially that you can explain how and why a location is important. Would you suggest some book on this topic, many thank

  • @philyip4432
    @philyip4432 21 день тому

    Double surnames in Chinese are rare anyway.

  • @jyy9624
    @jyy9624 22 дні тому

    Voting should get rid of warlordism

  • @lucasyoung6791
    @lucasyoung6791 25 днів тому

    Great content. I've often wondered how effective the walls actually were. Mind blown at how simple their intention actually was.

  • @lucasyoung6791
    @lucasyoung6791 25 днів тому

    That was fantastic, really informative. I love the simple use of maps. One thing that is very apparent is that English spelling of Chinese places doesn't quite capture the Chinese sounds!

  • @xuchenglin6256
    @xuchenglin6256 28 днів тому

    So interesting. A thing in my mind is that the "Zhong Yuan" should really translates to "Middle Earth". It's the similar concept in European, or at least in recent fiction literature/movies, as I see that this concept is well understood by almost everyone without further explanation. North to the "Middle Earth" is cold and where barbarians lives, they want to hunt down so there has to be a wall to stop it. Down south is rich as the agriculture is well developed from the warmth and water. You should exchange west/east in this mental model as the where the dessert/sea is at the opposite direction. To the west (east mirror) of "Middle Earth" China live the desert people resemble the central-Asia, they are... well, different. To the east (west mirror) is the sea where it's rich port cities and trade. Now you have the mentality model of China geography just as the "7 Kingdoms in the Game of the Thrones".

  • @GrafEisen1
    @GrafEisen1 Місяць тому

    Excellent and very informative video, thank you!

  • @ahmedabdolghani8879
    @ahmedabdolghani8879 Місяць тому

    Apolgy for bad english Where were u wen Wu betrai Shu I was at house eating dorito when phone ring “Wu kingdom is betrai” “No”

  • @Acto22
    @Acto22 Місяць тому

    If the Romans didnt bribe the hispanic soldiers to Kill Viriato while sleeping colonization in the north would take longer or would never happened like in scotland. Those two cowards were killed after going to collect the reward.

  • @user-fl7zn2tn9q
    @user-fl7zn2tn9q Місяць тому

    For the algo!

  • @ahumpierrogue137
    @ahumpierrogue137 Місяць тому

    According to what I've read, rain-based agriculture wasn't actually possible in North China due to the flooding season of the Yellow River not matching the growing season of the crops in the north well. As such, deep wells were required to be dug to get access to groundwater or otherwise irrigation projects were necessary. You couldn't just pick a spot of fertile land south of the rainfall line and start a farm, you needed access to water not just rainwater. The controllers of wells were often wealthy noble families, and as over time they needed to get dug deeper and deeper, which meant that nobles who already controlled the wealth were able to build them and could afford doing so to deeper and deeper depths.

  • @MarkyV-oe5pn
    @MarkyV-oe5pn Місяць тому

    Spanish are italians that speak Spanish in truth. Hence why a lot of Latinos and italians look similar. Roman italic genes

  • @theveryproudmoroccan2834
    @theveryproudmoroccan2834 Місяць тому

    Amazing video.

  • @andyxyz01
    @andyxyz01 Місяць тому

    I have a request: please PLEASE do a video on the reasons why every Chinese dynasty collapsed

    • @gatesofkilikien
      @gatesofkilikien Місяць тому

      Thanks for the suggestion - I'll go through them in my ancient and medieval Chinese history series when the relevant time periods come up. I'm actually going back and working on much more detailed videos about the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty right now, so that'd be next.

    • @andyxyz01
      @andyxyz01 Місяць тому

      @@gatesofkilikien with your level of analytical insight, if u could do a video systemically explaining why every dynasty collapsed and explored the commonalities and differences each time, the product would be nothing short of legendary. Up to u tho.

  • @stephenjohnson1112
    @stephenjohnson1112 Місяць тому

    Eastern Zhou Dynasty

  • @AndiBudiHermawan
    @AndiBudiHermawan Місяць тому

    Is it true that Xianyang previous name was Fengjing or Haojing? Like Luo Yang previous name was Chengzhou

    • @gatesofkilikien
      @gatesofkilikien Місяць тому

      Well…kind of. Xianyang is north of the Wei River, whereas Fengjing, Haojing, and Chang’an were all to the south. So in that regard they’re different cities. However Xianyang also filled the role as the primary city in the mid-Wei River Valley. So in that regard we can think of them all as one set of cities

  • @Anita_Dick
    @Anita_Dick Місяць тому

    Very good video. Although i sugest not using the term "reconquista". It's still technically valid, but because it's a term coined with a very christian-conservative bias, many modern historians prefer to ditch it, since it sugests a united continuation between the visigoths and the much later christian kingdoms as the "true spaniards", and leving the caliphate as "forein". It's a very misleading white supremacist conception. In reality, the caliphate left a much more important and extended cultural imprint in Spain than the visigoths. As much as the romans. The muslims at the time were rhe ones who translated and conserved all the previous culture legacy of romans and greeks and persians, brought many foods, infraextructure, consumes, sciences... The caliphate is often left aside when in actuality is as important as romans to understand how spain came to be what it is now

  • @thomasantn
    @thomasantn Місяць тому

    Since the ancient time, Middle Kingdom had always been facing the attack from North, the Xingnu, the Mongols, the Jin and Manchu, not much from the South. For some reason, most of the time, it’s often the North that defeated the South. There are many examples. For example, during the Ming dynasty, the prince stationed in Beijing eventually defeated the sitting emperor his nephew capitols at Nanjing then he moved Ming capital from Nanjing in the south to Beijing in the north. The dynasty then lasted 200+ years until Manchu came down from the even north. A more recent example is the civil war between PRC and ROC. ROC whose capital was at Nanjing was eventually defeated by PRC which later selected Beijing as its capital.

  • @townaldtrump1316
    @townaldtrump1316 Місяць тому

    😢I heard Chinglish accent

  • @Steven-ti2qt
    @Steven-ti2qt Місяць тому

    Hi Boss 13:45 you stated Vietnam was under rulings By China wasn't that also Carried by The French colony As well ???

  • @jamesrocket5616
    @jamesrocket5616 Місяць тому

    Please keep making videos like this that promote knowledge and information that does not solely revolve on a Western lens.

  • @stephenjohnson1112
    @stephenjohnson1112 2 місяці тому

    Please let me know who does your maps.

  • @longlost247
    @longlost247 2 місяці тому

    ran min hero

  • @Nick-hi9gx
    @Nick-hi9gx 2 місяці тому

    One of the coolest things going on in the world right now is GPR, ground-penetrating radar, and LiDAR, and now muon technologies, archaeologists are finding more and more ways to know what is underground before digging. A research paper recently showed incredible promise using a new muon technology, muography is the study of these muons that can penetrate most things and so can work sort-of similar to x-rays, anyway a new use of it allowed the research team to see inside several of the pyramids of Giza in a brand new way, and a Chinese team is already trying to do the same. Though...I don't know if the CCP will allow that, they are very protective of Qin, Han, Tang, Song archaeology. Far more so than with the other states of the Warring States, or the periods of disunity, or the Yuan or Liao or Jurchen Jin. Opening the tomb safely is next to impossible. If opened, and the amount of mercury detected is accurate, it would emit a massive toxic plume, endangering many, many thousands of lives. So, muons it is! Hopefully. If not, more ground-penetrating techniques in specific places.

  • @user-cy7dx1wh3d
    @user-cy7dx1wh3d 2 місяці тому

    One of the best history videos I have ever seen. Brilliant pace and attention to important detail. Honestly, having read A Brief History of Spain (Jeremy Black) I was not left with any real impression of the Carthaginian presence in Iberia - and as someone who is not usually interested in Rome I had not realized the sheer significance of the Second Punic war in turning Rome into THE Mediterranean superpower. I did not realize Lusitanians dated back as far as they did (I assumed the Portuguese were essentially similar to the rest of Hispania in this period and then diverged from them in many later centuries). Extremely interesting to see the administration and economy of RomanIberia too. The video was on exactly what the title described and exceeded all my expectations for UA-cam documentary video. Liked, subscribed, and rang the notification bell!

  • @pablogats4627
    @pablogats4627 2 місяці тому

    Awesome really enjoyed this, my family come from the Peloponnese elis region

  • @jamesasker3846
    @jamesasker3846 2 місяці тому

    Great video! Surprised this topic hasn't been answered this frankly before/I hadn't even thought about how useful it really was. Definitiely susbcribing, keep it up! :)

  • @johnkylevarley6998
    @johnkylevarley6998 2 місяці тому

    As a history buff, there is no other resource like this available in English. Most Chinese history channels just cruise through the politics with random kings and generals sprinkled in. This geographical, cultural, and political hybrid is exactly what I've been looking for. Thanks so much. Please keep doing it.

  • @alexng704
    @alexng704 2 місяці тому

    It's very rare to find any good videos on ancient/classical Chinese history on any specific topic. No only have you presented a great deal of information on an interesting topic, I simply love the approach you take in making these videos by researching the geography, historical facts, and contemporary social contexts. No cheesy oriental animation and music. No glorified Chinese drama footage. No bull. Just. Good. Stuff.

  • @waiphyohain
    @waiphyohain 2 місяці тому

    Bai Qi, Cao Cao etc has read background whild liu bei has blue. You are good :P

  • @nigelralphmurphy2852
    @nigelralphmurphy2852 2 місяці тому

    To say for most of Chinese history the north was richer than the south is historic nonsense. At the time you're referring to there was no such thing as China and what is now south China was a completely different culture having no connection to the Yellow River people. Taking China as it is now and projecting that political entity onto the past is historically ridiculous in the extreme. China, please stop doing this.

  • @user-hw8ik5fp6l
    @user-hw8ik5fp6l 2 місяці тому

    1. Wang Yangming apprehended a thief and instructed him to remove all of his clothing. The thief refused to remove the last remaining undergarments, to which Wang Yangming remarked, "You still have a sense of shame."

  • @fcw2bom
    @fcw2bom 2 місяці тому

    Murong Chui more like Murong CHAD amirite bros

  • @jihadijohn9408
    @jihadijohn9408 2 місяці тому

    39:07 Wait, isn’t this basically Nobara’s move from Jujutsu Kaisen?

  • @richbarrows3922
    @richbarrows3922 2 місяці тому

    Very hard to understand ur English. Take some pronunciation classes please. Can't watch so bad

  • @JustinRubychannel
    @JustinRubychannel 2 місяці тому

    I love how clear your explanations are, really helping me understand Chinese history

  • @akaisamurai
    @akaisamurai 2 місяці тому

    A amazing series of videos. I never got to see the history of China other than those of the major dynasties in any detail and you outdid yourself to fill that gap. Thumbs up and thank you for all the hard work.

  • @DohuuVi
    @DohuuVi 2 місяці тому

    Prior to watching this video, I always thought the great Mongol general Mongke died at the Xiang Yang battle but he actually died on the other side of the mountain ranges. Thank you for your clarification.

  • @CatoQassem
    @CatoQassem 2 місяці тому

    Loves that you mentioned how the Romans subjugated native Iberians forcing them to work the mines to death and how in turn the descendants of all these people would do the same in the Americas to the Natives there. It’s important to see the role Rome played in Iberia is very similar to the role Spain and Portugal played in the Americas. In many ways it was a continuation of the same initial thrust.

  • @alexlo7708
    @alexlo7708 2 місяці тому

    The only battleground which the great Khan of Mongol Empire was perished in fight.

  • @Nick-hi9gx
    @Nick-hi9gx 2 місяці тому

    I made a mode for a game, Oriental Empires (tons of Chinese history in it) that was sort of a combo of the Warring States period rather than historical, but I worked really hard to make the Qin, Han, Zheng, Zhou controlling Luoyang, areas and all of the passes very realistic. It was hard to do on the small scale I was using, but it really got the point across to me just how difficult, and incredibly important, the terrain is. Those gate passes especially. Hangu and Wu, and Jianmen in particular. Playing my mod, if the Qin hold those three, the only real option is to do exactly what Wei did. Their south, southeast and eastern approaches were almost impenetrable. I think the best comparison is to the passes of the Alps, and the Pyrenees in northern Spain, during the Roman Empire in this or that of its civil wars. Those Alpine passes, and the Po crossings especially, due to Rome, Milan and Ravenna then Venice. Unlike those, however, there is no nearby sea, and so shipping is only in one direction through a lot of those gorges, and only very small-scale. That isn't the case with the Pyrenees or the Alpine passes, even the central ones that lead into Bavaria.

  • @Nick-hi9gx
    @Nick-hi9gx 2 місяці тому

    I like that you call it northwest China, because I think of it that way too...but it isn't at all anymore. It is like dead center of modern China, in fact east of the center. Qinghai and Xinjiang are just ENORMOUS and mostly empty. But that is...pretty much like where I come from in the United States, too. Massive and mostly empty. It is interesting how the study of history changes our perspectives of geography. When I hear people talk about "the Middle East" I think of Iraq through to Pakistan and Afghanistan, but most Americans would include the Levant, probably Egypt, maybe even Turkey. But that is the Near East to me, a completely different world than the Middle. Or another example, to most people "Northern Europe" would mean England, Scandinavia, maybe Germany, Poland, probably the Baltic States. But because I am a Roman historian, to me Northern Europe means any of those pant-wearing barbarians north of the Alps!